History of Computer Technology Information
Devices were used to facilitate the calculation of thousands of years, probably first in the form of a statement of Antikythera mechanism stick.The, dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered the analog computer oldest mechanics, and the first devices to known reducing mechanism.Comparable did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century, and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing four basic arithmetic operations has been developed.
Electronic computers, using either relays or valves, began appearing in the early 1940s Zuse Z3 electromechanical, completed in 1941, was the first programmable computer in the world, according to modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete computer machine. Colossus, developed during WWII to decrypt German messages was the first electronic digital computer. Although it is programmable, it was not in general use, are designed to perform a single task. It also lacked the ability to store the program in memory; Programming was done using plugs and switches to modify the internal wiring.The first electronic digital computer recognizable modern stored program was the Manchester Small Scale Experimental Auto (TAU), which ran its first program on June 21 1948.
The development of transistors in the late 1940s at Bell Laboratories has enabled a new generation of computers to be designed with a very low power consumption. The first commercially available computer program recorded on the Ferranti Mark I, contained 4,050 valves and had a power of 25 kilowatts consumption. By comparison, the first transistorized computer, developed at the University of Manchester and operational in November 1953, only 150 watts consumed in its final version.
Data storage:
Early electronic Computers such as Colossus made use of Punched tape, a Long strip of Paper on which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete.Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay line memory was developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line.The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a standard cathode ray tube, but the information stored in it and delay line memory was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of non-volatile computer storage was the magnetic drum, invented in 1932and used in the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer.
Databases:
Systems Management Database emerged in the 1960s to solve the problem of storing and retrieving large amounts of data quickly and accurately. One of the first such management information systems was IBM System (IMS), which is still widely deployed more than 40 years later. IMS stores data hierarchically, but in the 1970s Ted Codd proposed an alternative relational storage model based on set theory and predicate logic and familiar concepts of tables, rows and columns. The first commercially available database management system relational database (RDBMS) was available from Oracle in 1980.
All database management systems consist of a number of components which together allow the data they store to be accessed concurrently by many users, while maintaining its integrity. A feature of all the databases is that the structure of the data contained therein is defined and stored separately from the data itself, in a database schema.
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