Water fluoridation Information pdf guide
low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities. Typically a fluoridated compound is added to drinking water, a process that in the U.S. costs an average of about $2.03 per person-year. Defluoridation is needed when the naturally occurring fluoride level exceeds recommended limitsA 1997 World Health Organization expert committee suggested a level of fluoride from 0.4 to 2.0 mg/L , depending on climate.Bottled water typically has unknown fluoride levels, and some Domestic water filters remove some or all fluoride. Implementation: Fluoridation does not affect the appearance, taste, or smell of drinking water. It is normally accomplished by adding one of three compounds to the water: sodium fluoride, fluorosilicic acid, or sodium fluorosilicate. Fluorosis: Fluoride's adverse effects depend on total fluoride dosage from all sources. At the commonly recommended dosage, the only clear adverse effect is dental fluorosis, which can alter the appearance of children's teeth during tooth development; this is mostly mild and is unlikely to represent any real effect on aesthetic appearance or on public health. The critical period of exposure is between ages one and four years, with the risk ending around age eight. Fluorosis can be prevented by monitoring all sources of fluoride, with fluoridated water directly or indirectly responsible for an estimated 50% of risk and other sources, notably toothpaste, ......
0 comments:
Post a Comment